Thebehavior of frequencies changes below 13. MHz, where a magnetic field is usedto transfer energy and information between the reader and the transponder. This process is known as inductive coupling. Inductive coupling is limited to a reading distanceof about one meter. RFID NFC Reader Writer 13.
Higher frequencies, usea “Backscatter” coupling technique with a reading distance well beyond onemeter. It is the coupling factor that determineswhat frequencies are optimal for a specific application. See full list on rfidreadernews. Thematerial density of a tagged item can cause reflection and absorption variances.
Apolymer is a low-density material, glass is a middle-density material,while substances such as water or liquids have a very high-density. Highfrequency has almost no change or influence in the transmission of the signal withvarying item densities, while in UHF, the transmission characteristics can be significantlyaffected by subject densities With UltraHigh Frequency the performance of the reading will change due to the materialdensity. So, whenever working with wateror the human body (which is to water), the frequency of operation will need to be selected accordingly. ElectromagneticNear Field of Inductive System (HF) AnHF system uses a loop antenna which creates an asymmetric magnetic field. In the case of a UHF System, the antennaproduces a directional field that has an angled beam with specific gain, andpolarization that is prone to picking up stray reflections and developing possiblereading holes at the farther distances.
Foroptimal performance of your system, it is essential to choose the righttransponder for each specific application as every application requires a varyingdegree of security. These applicationsrequires little to no security and just a simple UID transponder will do thejob. Ifyou require password protection for any kind of information like inanti-counterfeiting applications, a transponder with password protection wouldbe required and that is available on UHF and HF. Formore elevated security, as in the case of encrypted information applicationsused for instance in access control, atransponder with a secure architecture where you can store access keys would benecessary. Thehighest security transponders in the marketplace are used for cryptographicauthentication, for access control, ticketing and financial transactions.
The readersused in these applications have a cryptographic engine or processor where eachtransaction is cr. The antenna manufacturers will know what length willprovide the best performance for their individual antennas. Inthe case of UHF, impendence is equally important but in addition each coaxial cabletype also has an attenuation factor according to its length. Signal can be greatlyreduced if the planning here is not done correctly. Someapplications have an uncommonly high number of tags in a specific area wheretags are stacked or piled mere millimeters away from each other, as in the caseof document tracking and Kanban Systems.
A few pages in a file folder with severalfiles stacked on top of one another is a recipe for potential reading errors. In these kinds of applications, an HF antennais ideal, while a UHF antenna would not perform as well if at all. An effective illustration is a stack oftagged playing cards, where HF has a 1 read rate, if you stacked cards ontop of one another, a UHF antenna could not read even one card when similarly stackedon top of one another. Aswe can now see, each reader has different capabilities in various applications.
Thesecapabilities however can be case specific. Most of these readers require specializedhardware that differs from a standard reading environment and if this hardwarerequirement is not met, the reading speeds are substantially compromised. Performance dramatically change according to the application and the environment. We are not talkingabout acoustical noise here but EMV, and common groun kind of noise.
In thecase of HF, this electrical noise can come from various sources including theantenna, the power supply, any communications links, and even cabling issuesthat could cause a ground loop to create noise. To overcome these possible noise problems, we mustuse a reader with the capability to measures noise levels. When the noise rises above a normal thresholthe system indicates a problem so managers can inspect these common noisepoints (antenna, power supply, etc.) to troubleshoot the source of the issue. In the United States, the FCC has allocated channels as UHFfrequency. As we havediscusse all HF and UHF passive readers’ distances depend on a multitude ofcontributing factors like reader power and sensitivity, antenna tuning (readerand tag) environmental influences (metal, etc.), size and sensitivity of thetag, orientation of the tag to the reader antenna, and add dozens moreinfluencing factors.
Bottomline: It is critical to measure and test the distance from the readers to thetag in a live environment and take all application factors into consideration. We can guide you in the right direction. Get coachedon the right frequency to use and which product will work best.
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